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Fundamentals

Electronic signature: sign documents online with legal effect

The electronic signature replaces the signature on paper — legally valid under ZertES and eIDAS. Learn which signature types exist, when each level is required and how to sign digitally with actaSIGN in minutes.

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What is an electronic signature?

An electronic signature is the digital equivalent of a handwritten signature: it links a person to an electronic document in a legally binding way. Instead of printing, signing and re-scanning a document, you sign it directly on screen — traceable, tamper-proof and without media breaks.

In Switzerland, ZertES governs which electronic signatures are legally recognised; in the EU it is the eIDAS regulation. Both frameworks define three quality levels — from the simple electronic signature (SES) to the qualified electronic signature (QES), which is equivalent to a handwritten signature.

The terms "digital signature" and "electronic signature" are used synonymously in everyday language. Strictly speaking, "digital signature" refers to the underlying cryptographic method, while "electronic signature" is the legal term under ZertES and eIDAS.

The three types of electronic signature

ZertES and eIDAS define three signature levels. Which one you need depends on the document — not every document requires the highest level.

SES — Simple electronic signature

Identification via email address. Suitable for internal approvals, minutes and documents without formal requirements.

AES — Advanced electronic signature

Identification via email address and mobile number. The standard for most business documents such as contracts, offers and HR documents.

QES — Qualified electronic signature

Highest level with strong two-factor authentication. Equivalent to a handwritten signature (CO Art. 14 para. 2bis) — for documents with statutory written-form requirements.

Legal framework: ZertES and eIDAS

Two legal frameworks, one principle: electronic signatures are legally valid — in Switzerland and in the EU.

Switzerland: ZertES

The Federal Act on Electronic Signatures has governed the recognition of electronic signatures in Switzerland since 2003. QES is equivalent to a handwritten signature.

EU: eIDAS

The eIDAS regulation creates a uniform legal framework for electronic signatures in all EU member states — including cross-border recognition of QES.

Cross-border signing

actaSIGN signs via Swisscom Trust Services — recognised by OFCOM and listed on the EU Trust List. Signatures are therefore valid under both ZertES and eIDAS.

How to sign documents electronically

With actaSIGN you sign entirely in the browser — no installation, no software. External signers don't need an account.

1

Upload document

Upload your PDF document via drag and drop and place the signature fields where you need them.

2

Invite signers

Invite internal and external signers by email — in any order, without them needing an account.

3

Sign with legal effect

Everyone signs digitally at the chosen signature level. The signed document is automatically archived in an audit-proof way.

Frequently asked questions about electronic signatures

What is an electronic signature?
An electronic signature links a person to an electronic document in a legally binding way and replaces the handwritten signature. ZertES (Switzerland) and eIDAS (EU) define three quality levels: SES, AES and QES.
Is an electronic signature legally valid?
Yes. In Switzerland ZertES governs legal validity, in the EU the eIDAS regulation. The qualified electronic signature (QES) is equivalent to a handwritten signature (CO Art. 14 para. 2bis); for most form-free contracts SES or AES is sufficient.
What is the difference between a digital and an electronic signature?
The terms are used synonymously in everyday language. "Electronic signature" is the legal term under ZertES and eIDAS, while "digital signature" strictly refers to the underlying cryptographic method.
What types of electronic signatures exist?
Three: the simple (SES), the advanced (AES) and the qualified electronic signature (QES). They differ in the level of identification and evidential value — from email identification to strong two-factor authentication.
How can I sign documents electronically?
With a signature platform like actaSIGN: upload the PDF, invite signers, sign — entirely in the browser, without installation. External signers do not need an account.
How much does an electronic signature cost?
actaSIGN is the all-inclusive platform from CHF 11 per month — all three signature levels (SES, AES, QES) on one platform, with transparent pricing.

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